Social needs: Poverty

There is no general definition of poverty. This is because the definition of poverty depends on the point of view of every person. Poverty may include material conditions, economic and social positions. In every country, in every society these three parts can be differ and defined variuosly. Commonly, poverty is excluded in two models: Absolute poverty and Relative poverty.


The first model is based on subsistence, what means that the government sizes up the amount of money, which is necessary to survive for one person. It also includes the basic human needs, such as home, medical treatment, education and likely.


The second model is based on a comparison of poor people with others in society. That means, that poverty in this case is defined as inequality between social classes.

Because there is no agreed definition of poverty, there also is no agreed measure. The measure, which is most commonly used in all societies, is based on income. For example, The World Bank uses the arbitrary standard of $31 dollars a month ($1 a day) and in the light of these standarts there are nearly 1200 million poor people in the world.

In conclusion, looking to the situation of Lihuania, there is quit good developed the system of support for poor people ( or for such people, whose income is less than the subsistence). The government can support people by giving them payouts, compensations of central heating, hot or cold water, electricity, help to find and buy an accomodation and etc.

Online listening- two podcast

1) www.bootcamp.com/todaysReport.jsp

"It is time for a home server"

2) www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/sfgate/indexn?blogid=5

"Tim Goodman's TV Talk Mashine: at long last the debut of Question Girl"
I have listened two online podcast. Actually, there was very hard and difficult to find interesting theme and suitable level text, which computer could open to listen. I have visited more than 10, or maybe even 20 web sites and couldn't open any podcast.

At last I successfully opened two of texts. They weren't very difficult as I expected.

The first one was about servers, so vocabulary was quit difficult and I have to listen it twice to understand everything.

The second one was much easier than the first, there was native speakers speaking with American English accent, so it made listening simpler.

The only difficulty listening second record was that speakers laughed a lot and also they interviewed some other persons on the phone, so that it made listening a little harder, but at the same time and more interesting. It was not necessary for me to read the text for better understanding, because, as I already have mentioned, the vocabulary of both texts was quit easy understandable.

To sum it up, I hope that in the future I would not have any difficulties listening the online podcast. On the other hand, such a listening gives us a lot good experience to arise our listening skills, which will be useful in the nearest future doing our exam paper and, of course, in our future work, nevertheless what it will be.

ADOPTION

Adoption is the legal act of permanently placing a child with a parent or parents other than the birth mother or father.

There are three types of it:
1)Open adoption- it is when a child can know all the information about his adoption,his birth parents and the both parties can contact, share information, meet each other and etc.;
2)Semi-open adoption- birth parents and the adoptive parents can meet one or several times and later they can just exchange letters, postcards or e-mails;
3)Closed adoption-in the process of adoption can be shared important information, such as medical records, but after finishing adoption there is no contacts and information shared.

According to the living place of adoptive parties, there are two more types of adoption: a)domestic, which is divided to foster care adoption and intra-family adoption, and b)international one.

Foster care adoption means that a child is initially placed in foster care system for adoption. Intra-family adoption is when the adoptive parents become the child’s relatives after taking away his/her birth parents’ parental rights or after their death. Then mostly takes care of an orphan his/her aunts, uncles, elder brothers/sisters or grandparents.
International adoption is when the parties of this act live in different countries or states (federations). It is quit popular to adopt child from the abroad. And, for example, in Lithuania the foreigners who want to adopt a Lithuanian child have more privileges and better conditions to adopt than the native adopters.

In conclusion, there could be discussed a question, why people adopt children. There are lots of reasons. For example, a child often goes to foster care house because his parents have an inability to adequately care for him, or they maltreat with him, or involuntary lose their parental rights and etc. Adoptive parents reasons to adopt could be : inability to biological reproduction; the lack of a partner; step-parent adoption and etc.